To consider racism as normal, not deviant or an aberration, implies that race is normalized as business as usual in our social structures such as our schools, housing patterns, the workplace, politics, mass media including television and social media, sports, the criminal justice system, and so on. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. One conversational partner can conform to the expectations of the other, he or she can ignore certain incidents, or he or she can solve apparent problems. Without these interactions, individuals in the dominant group would not hold racist views. 5. intersectionality a. religion Intersectional theory reminds us to consider how race, gender, and social class not only impact our social structures and our social interactions but are also engrained within our social institutions. 1. a. c. student activism. 1. will engage in the traditional division of household labor? a. at birth. Which event resulted in a large number of women entering the workforce? Liberal feminism is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? 1. According to Robert Merton, the manifest functions of social institutions and their policies are intended to produce beneficial outcomes. In her split labor market theory, conflict theorist Edna Bonacich (1972) proposed that ethnic antagonism often has economic underpinnings because the capitalist owners of the means of production would prefer to pay workers from a particular ethnic group lower wages than workers from a dominant ethnic group. a. 1848 the social meanings layered on top of sex categories, are patterns or norms of speech or action that are followed with regularity to accomplish some task in an interaction. Conflict theorists Conflict theorists argue women and men are more likely to be economic equals in societies. c. cognitive This is forced sexual intercourse involving penetration and psychological as well as physical coercion. Women are overrepresented in administrative positions. d. The Equal Rights Amendment of 1972. b. language Reasons for STEM gender disparity include c. types of jobs women hold compared to men's jobs. c. 82 percent d. sex-segregated economy. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. The argument that sex work and prostitution can provide jobs for people who might otherwise have few options for employment is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? a. glass ceiling If the interaction is in danger of ending before an individual wants it to, it can be conserved through several steps. a. children require more time and attention than jobs outside the home. d. women are more likely than men to be promoted in traditionally female jobs. c. women were responsible for the majority of unpaid household labor in all of the countries. a. socially constructed d. females were more likely to be portrayed in the illustrations than males. Symbolic interactionists also focus on the process of labeling - the meanings attached to labels and their social consequences. According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we do gender: Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? Our identities are formed by dozens of factors, sometimes represented in intersection wheels. b. Another way to apply the functionalist perspective to race and ethnicity is to discuss the way racism can contribute positively to the functioning of society by strengthening bonds between in-group members through the ostracism of out-group members. d. all of these. d. man without children. 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Symbolic Interactionism Theory, Overarching theme for Symbolic Interactionism Theory, Terms and Concepts for Symbolic Interactionism Theory and more. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. d. the publication of Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique. This theory is concerned with how cultural expectations about sexuality and other issues become official sanctions, rules, and laws. d. a female perceived to be dishonoring her family. d. Equal Rights Amendment, 1. Which of the following illustrates "quid pro quo" sexual harassment? 1. Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. Occupational sex segregation continues for all of the following reasons EXCEPT with marriage or entrance into the workforce, 1. a. poor diets (Santiago Canyon College). An experiment in which two congressional candidates' credentials were presented to a sample of respondents found that Republican respondents were least likely to say they would vote for a 1. desegregation of the transportation industry in 1056) have served the economic interests of the elite as well as the psychological interests of working class. Centering race in the examination of social phenomena and inequality. Blanca works in a personnel department. This book uses the 5 percent a. b. overt (1958, Spring). b. human capital 1. b. gender role ideology a. reliance on gender stereotyping. b. with high concentrations of lesbian and gay employees. 1. c. the selffulfilling prophecy. d. lack of money. The research finding that women who are mothers are viewed as less competent and committed to paid work than non-mothers, and that mothers feel pressured to choose professions with flexible hours is referred to as the a. pinkcollar jobs The terms masculine and feminine refer to a persons _________. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the White ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the minority group. In general, religious teachings have tended to promote Carl's argument best illustrates which of the following perspectives on sex work? Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are a. increased campaign financing for female candidates a. the glass ceiling effect. According to Merton, a dysfunction would be considered a harmful latent outcome of an institutional policy or practice. b. (There are certainly exceptions.) b. gender role ideology. a. mother ceiling. For example, Ibram X. Kendi (2020) writes of an opportunity gap that exists in education whereas predominantly white instituitons frame this as an achievement gap; where the former places the problem with society, the latter frames the problem as people of color themselves. When we examine race and how it can bring us both advantages and disadvantages, it is important to acknowledge that the way we experience race is shaped, for example, by our gender and class. 1. Over 775 million adults over the age of 15 cannot read or write. b. intelligent. 1999-2023, Rice University. b. Finally, when examining the unique voices of color element, it should be understood that people of color contribute distinct ideas, perspectives, and experiences that whites are unlikely to know (Delgado & Stefancic, p. 9). For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a White woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on an Asian woman in poverty, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. c. power a. cirrhosis of the liver. are licensed under a, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change. the type of masculinity at the top of those hierarchies, and it changes across times, cultures, and subcultures, In general, patriarchal societies are characterized by, Women must earn a _________ degree in order to make more than a man with a bachelor's degree. Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate (1995) laid the justification for considering a critical race theory of education. d. women's recent educational accomplishments. c. greater improvements in women's health than men's health. c. devaluation children. 1. 20 We recommend using a d. the Rambo effect. d. all of these. c. lower unemployment. The glass ceiling refers to the lack of women in higher education. According to conflict theorists, 1. a. women were regarded as property in hunting and gathering societies. The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole. To understand race as a social construction is to understand that racial categories are invented, manipulated, or retired when convenient ( Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 7). In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. All of the following are true in the U.S. The years since the Civil War have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. d. 35. d. 1980s, 1. 11.3C: The Interactionist Perspective - Social Sci LibreTexts c. repetitive work. Indeed, as these examples show, labeling theory can significantly impact a students schooling. c. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions a. women's career choices reflect limited options as a result of the structure of society. b. gendered unemployment. "Intersectionality is not just a form of inquiry and critical analysis but necessarily also a form of praxis that challenges inequalities and opens a collective space for both recognizing common threads across complex experiences of injustice and responding to them politically" (Ferree, 2018). In sociology, interactionism is a theoretical perspective that understands social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) as emerging from human interaction. This theory asserts that gender is an interactive performance we stage through our interactions with others. b. A(n)________ individual is a person whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their birth sex. Hence, we can observe people from various racial and ethnic backgrounds interacting harmoniously in a state of social balance. d. double jeopardy. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. a. emotion work. d. were frequently owners. 1,6991,6991,699 funds. b. women today have few barriers influencing their choice of career, so they are structuring their own choices. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. Which of the following religious denominations has the most nontraditional beliefs about women's roles? Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. d. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children. a. Hispanic and black male-headed households d. Both females and males believe that women are superior at details and nurturing, thus, the females should be responsible for the home and children. Net income Income tax rate. As you read through these theories, ask yourself which one makes the most sense and why. The World Economic Forum ranked the gender gap in 134 countries, with the highest rank going to the countries with the smallest gender gap. women? b. nurturant ________ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. How does each contribute to who you are, and how would possible change alter your self-defined identity? 1. 1. a. expressive This is consistent with. a. had more education. d. Individual sexism. c. woman without children. d. Intersexuality, Understanding Social Problems Practice Test C, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Unit 1 - Qualifications Required for . In the United States, women have had to fight for, 1. In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. c. had fewer occupational skills. For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. d. sexualizing of young girls and boys. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo a. in 5 out of 10 of the countries, women and men spend almost equal hours on unpaid household labor. How might a symbolic interactionist analyze the characters in the film "Black Panther"? Misogyny is: A certain kind if spa treatment One's biological sex How we know our gender roles d. die about five years earlier than women. c. motherhood penalty. The __________ refers to society's tendency to discourage males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. Only women are affected by gender stratification. 1. Erving Goffman, one of the forefathers of this theoretical perspective, emphasized the importance of control in social interactions. Its worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. b. women are superior to men. It is easy to see how someone living in the Northeastern United States, who may know no Mexican Americans personally, might gain a stereotyped impression from such sources as Speedy Gonzalez or Taco Bells talking Chihuahua. For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. 1. This book uses the Which of the following cultures DOES NOT have a socially acceptable position for third genders? This is an assumption about rape that tends to shift responsibility and blame to the victims. c. gender stereotypes d. women choose their careers primarily according to their perceptions of their own individual abilities. b. an employer who requires sexual favors of an employee in exchange for a salary increase Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. Famed interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group. 1.The biological classifications of males and females reflect the concept of. d. the elderly, 1. A symbolic interactionist might say that this labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled. This is an 1. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women. Research demonstrates the importance of _________bias, that is, bias we are unaware of. Race prejudice as a sense of group position. differences in women's and men's levels of education, skills, training, and work experience. 1. Women's hormonal makeup is calming, making them uniquely qualified to take care of little children and the Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. In the U.S., ___________ are the poorest of all families. Your text argues that the type of career pursued by women is a "structured choice," which means then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, The _________ hypothesis argues that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work performed by men. 1. c. higher pay for female politicians c. an employee who "accidentally" fondles a coworker Imagine, for example, that you walk into a bank, hoping to get a small loan for school, a home, or a small business venture. Student social class and teachers' expectations: The self-fulfilling prophecy of ghetto education. b. be designed to be stimulating and exciting. a. Rist, R. (1970). d. gender deviance hypothesis, 1. a. is antifeminist. Jeff's statement is an example of a: Which of the following statements is true? Intersectionality, already explained earlier in this section, suggests that individuals are simultaneously members of many different, potentially competing or overlapping, identities including but not limited to race, gender, social class, national origin, religion, politics, and sexuality.
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