A subsection in the Hunted Otter (1911) entitled Hunted for Seven Hours described the lengthy pursuit of a female otter by the Culmstock Otter Hounds in 1910. Google Scholar. artificial With fox hunting, he argued, few perhaps ever see the death, and it is over almost in an instant but, owing to his strength and cat-like tenacity of life, the otter fights long and dies hard. It is amazing to us that men and women can find pleasure in hunting living creatures for hours, putting them to considerable distress and pain, and then watching their exhausted bodies being torn to pieces by hounds. "useRatesEcommerce": false .but an essential portion of any intelligible system of ethics or social science.Footnote George Greenwood made a similar observation in the 1914 publication, Killing for Sport: Men and, good heavens! 71. The sea otter rescue plan that worked too well - BBC Future And as a relatively inexpensive sport, such social changes meant otter hunting had become a less appealing target for them. Total loading time: 0 Newcastle Daily Journal, 29th May 1914, cited at http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/friends/colonel-coulson. Bobcats and otters or their pelts must be delivered to an agent of the Conservation Department for registration or tagging before selling, transferring, tanning or mounting by April 10. The committee concluded that the promotion of legislation and especially of controversial legislation, is not desirable at present and should instead be undertaken as far as possible by individuals.Footnote 61. Large hunting efforts were under way with the help of a massive ship in the water. 3. WebNo hunting (except waterfowl) during removed only by the user. An incredibly vile sport: Campaigns against Otter Still, if I am ruled out of order I will resume my seat. 77. At least 23 million Amazonian animals, including the otters, were hunted for their hides from 1904 to 1969. 54 Finally the author of the original article, J. C. Bristow-Noble, responded resentfully that On behalf of some of these daughters of Eve, I have now to state that it is of their opinion that the quarry, as is frequently the case, should always be allowed to escape. Coulson later complained that clergy, more generally, did little to criticise otter hunting: Seldom do we hear from the pulpit any protests against acts of cowardice and cruelty that would shame savages. Figure 1. . 34. . Ernest Bell, Cat Worrying, pp. Hounds Feather as They Search the River Banks; (10) Followers Take to the Water; (11) This Is the Kill; (12) The Whip Holds Up the Trophy. George Greenwood, Chapter 1: The Cruelty of Sport, in Henry Salt, ed., Killing for Sport (1914), p. 6. It may be outlawed, yet in 1977 one single New York dealer smuggled, amongst many other furs, the skins of 15,470 neotropical and 271 giant otters into the country (Eltringham 1984). 68 Williamson, Henry, Tarka the Otter: His Joyful Water-life and Death in the Country of the Two Rivers (London, 1927)Google Scholar; But Bristow-Noble emphasised that we should. He uses heavy irony to get his point across: Fun is a curious word. Bates wanted to reclaim the otter from this minority for the British public. 23. Ibid., p. 20. Colonies were discovered around Alaska's Aleutian Islands and Prince William Sound in the 1930s. Consequently everyone can watch, and most do watch, the end and people collect from far and near and watch in cold blood for minutes together the frantic death-agony of the brave little animal who has never done injury to anyone assembled. 40, As a result of the Humanitarian League's campaigning, by 1906 otter hunting had become an issue of public debate. The regular otter hunter deliberately indulges in cruelty without the saving grace of feeling shame on the contrary, the returning cars and local tap rooms ring with the complacent boastings of the lords and ladies of creation.Footnote Otter hunting involves the harrying of females heavy with young, the destruction of mothers in milk, the lingering starvation of a number of suckling cubs, and a heavy death roll and the the aggregate of animal suffering caused is necessarily great.Footnote 46 Ormond, Richard, Sir Edwin Landseer (London, 1981), pp. His letter writing campaign against rabbit-coursing on Sundays in Surrey led to its prohibition in 1924. 26 Colonel W. Lisle B. Coulson, The Otter Worry, in Henry Salt, ed., British Blood Sports: Let us go out and kill something (1901), pp. 5. Some inhuman wretch: Animal Maiming and the Ambivalent Relationship between Rural Workers and Animals, Rural History, 25 (2014), 13360CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Ernest Bell, The Barnstaple Cat-Worrying Case, The Animals Friend (1906), 43. In these terms, if fishermen, as the only people with a genuine grievance against otters, did not feel the need to hunt and kill them on the grounds of revenge, then the animal was not a pest. Each image is accompanied with a caption and a paragraph explaining the scene. Google Scholar. The last known native sea otter in Washington state, Larson said, was shot in 1910 near Willapa Bay. In the minds of campaigners it not only looked ridiculous, it was unacceptable. Opponents, on the other hand, were offended by this inclusivity. The Master of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds surveys a line of Country. Oliver, Roland, Johnston, Sir Henry Hamilton (18581927), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [online]Google Scholar. 59. Master of Crowhurst Otter Hounds, Picture Post, 22nd July 1939, Volume 4, Number 3. 13. The Cheriton Cruelty Case, The Field, 28th October 1905, 768. 70 The Trust recently secured the first ongoing class licence to capture and transport live Eurasian otters trapped in well-fenced fisheries in England. Otter reintroductions were common during this time. Can sea otters save the world 16, Otter hunting was compared unfavourable to other types of hunting. 22. 12. He argued that if the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals did not oppose otter hunting then it is quite certain that some similar Society will do so to the utter shame of our Society here.Footnote men and women,Footnote 72 Solved 1. "*Sea otters are native to the western cosst of Glorying over being blooded at an Otter Hunt, http://www.henrysalt.co.uk/friends/colonel-coulson. In August 1935 Cruel Sports reported that a group of women from the Leeds branch had protested against the Kendal and District Otter Hounds in July. Twenty-five years later, Smith and his colleagues conducted two years of monitoring surveys at 1,200 sites across the state to assess how well the population was doing. 44 The belief that any sentient being deserved protection from ill-treatment generated a comprehensive list of animal related activities marked for legislative change. Following its publication, the book received widespread publicity when Williamson was awarded the Hawthornden Prize in June 1928. Now, Dr. Estes said, more than 90 percent of those otters are gone. Alongside the written article, twelve pictures are used to provide a step by step visual account of a day's hunting with the Crowhurst Otter Hounds. 4 3.84. When the Otters Vanished, Everything Else Started to Unlike other blood sports, the main excitement in otter hunting was seen to derive from the involvement in the visceral spectacle of the kill. Joseph Collinson, The Hunted Otter (1911), p. 19. (Cheers.) Downing, Graham, The Hounds of Spring. For campaigners, the killing of indefensible cubs and protective mothers was the antithesis of fair play, sportsmanship and manliness. He denounced otter hunting as the lowest-down pastime that has survived into the twentieth century. 30. For Bates, such suffering could not be enjoyable for the sufferer and should not be enjoyable for onlookers. My object is only to insure that this Institution shall fulfil the great purpose for which it was founded.Footnote Otters WebThe otters were then protected by the international fur seal treaty, which banned sea otter hunting. At dawn she withdrew to the river, where she was again hunted, but after several hours pursuit managed to escape. 90. The object of this society was to create a sound public opinion on the destruction of wild animals throughout the British Empire, especially Africa, and establish game reserves.Footnote 21 By the mid-1960s, Amchitka Island was being used a site for nuclear testing, which eventually killed many sea otters in the area. 77. Humanitarian, April 1918, 100, cited by Here he labelled otter hunting as the second cruellest blood sport: With the exception of the hare-hunt men and women possibly never sink so low as they do when they join an Otter-Worry. Resting upon his well-notched otter pole and fully clad in hunting attire, he gazes into the distance. The RSPCA and its Objects, The Animal World, July 1906, 154. The recent exposure in Devonshire, where a master of otter hounds was sentenced to imprisonment. confined to otter hunting, they also tried to divide the hunting fraternity by distinguishing the sporting conduct of otter hunters from fox hunters, stag hunters and hare hunters: If the sporting set consider it unsporting to hunt some animals in the breeding season, why does this not apply to otters?Footnote . Hale, Matthew Salt, Henry, Humanitarianism (London, 1891), p. 3 By planting a seed of doubt into the minds of readers over the accuracy of hunting reports, it also implied that otter hunters could not be trusted. . On occasions deer-hunters hunted and killed hinds-in-calf. 6 The cruelty was not disputed and Bell's defence to the charge showed little remorse. Although its founder Edward Hulton was a Conservative, the publication was politically left leaning and its editors Stefan Lorent and Tom Hopkinson took an anti-fascist stance. A modest proposal for hunting sea otters | Popular Science WebThe otters were then protected by the international fur seal treaty, which banned sea otter hunting. Their aim, to enforce the principle that it is iniquitous to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being, was tied to both the criminal law and prison system, and the prevention of cruelty to animals. The National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports sought to enlist the support of well-known individuals, including the journalist and author H. E. Bates (19051974) who became a mainstream country writer. Yet although Johnston was not directly involved, his argument brought into prominence the campaign for the otter. 10. 63. 8 The letter proposed that drag hunting provides all the thrill of the chase without a living victim, and we earnestly request you to consider its adoption in preference to hunting live creatures.Footnote British Sporting Art, Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle. of the hunting fraternity. . At its centre an exhausted hunter holds an otter aloft over a pack of baying otterhounds. Inside there is a six page pictorial feature, Hunting the Otter, written by Douglas Macdonald Hastings. 85 Throughout the 1920s and 1930s however verbal disapproval was replaced with more subtle visual rebukes. phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports based itself on the radical elements of the Humanitarian League. Coulson thought hare hunting was crueller than otter hunting because the hare was timid defenceless and nervous, whereas the otter was a gallant little animal which died after a long hard-fought battle.Footnote 33. 64. Figure 5. 55. 37, The first malpractice to be exposed in otter hunting itself was an incident that occurred on the River Tweed on 6th July 1907. See inside.. And since I have never seen an otter, except behind the glass of a painted case, who am I to say that the otter does not enjoy the fun of having its belly bloodily ripped? To help do this he compares otter hunting with fox hunting. 8. In a series of vignettes, Bates fondly describes the rivers, the creatures, the trees, the flowers, the buildings and the people that make up the watery landscape. The image in question fronted the issue released on 22nd July 1939. Correspondence. He reported that around 450 otters were killed every year which meant that in my short life of thirty years. The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sport, Annual Report (London, 1926). 79. The Hawkstone Otter Hounds disbanded in 1914, putting down most of their hounds. Coulson, Otter Worrying A Protest, The Humanitarian, August 1908, 601. A key criticism was of the voyeurism of watching the otter die. Mr Collier's Otter Hounds were the last to abandon the spear in 1884, as his field did not care to see so gallant a beast suffer such an end.Footnote During peak hunting years, during the mid-1800s, according to harvest records that Larson presented, between 1804 and 1807 nearly 15,000 sea otters were killed. . Bates wrote this chapter on the basis that he liked otters but, despite living within a mile of a river valley, had never seen one in the wild. Mr Rose of the Eastern Counties Otter Hounds described the proposed Bill as most unfair and ridiculous and argued that otter hunting was grossly misrepresented: Long spiked poles are never used for the purposes suggested, but for assisting followers across ditches, rivers and fences. The exposure was made all the more effective by the contradictory responses from the otter hunters involved. . The idea of introducing a slaughter limit helps to explain why his case for protecting the otter did not play a part in the rhetoric of the Humanitarian League or the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports. Sea otters were locally extinct in British Columbian waters in Canada, until a plane containing a romp of otters arrived and set off a population boom with F. Pamphlet Series. 80 In the latter, the fox has some chance of escape but in the former the otter's chances of escape are clearly much less. Interestingly, the magazine did not choose a classic scene of hounds in a watery landscape. Alongside the overall decrease of otter hunts and otter hunters was the dramatic reduction of advertised meets and reports in the national and regional press. 6. 67 Varndell became huntsman in 1904. 32 The underlying motivation for these very specific criticisms is a much broader belief that all living beings feel pain and suffer. In 1928, it showed a cheerful young woman glorying over being blooded at an otter-hunt (Figure 4).Footnote were extirpated. In 1965, sea otters were translocated from Amchitka Island (Aleutian Islands) to the outer coast of southeastern Alaska and by the early 1990's, small numbers of sea otters were documented at the mouth of Glacier Bay. Rather than defend its sentient or sporting qualities, he was much more concerned with its aesthetic role in the landscape. In 1901 he also contributed a four page paper, The Otter Worry, to the League's sixty-three page pamphlet British Blood Sports: Let us go out and kill something. Human involvement is, rather, glorified as an imperative of command over nature, perfectly conveyed in The Otter Hunt.Footnote Writing in the Morning Leader, Colonel Coulson described how an otter, which had been hunted for seven hours, was struck and killed by a blow from a metal-shod stick wielded by an otter hunter in a boat. Ruskin's critique of the painting did little to diminish the popularity of Landseer's art in the nineteenth century and hunts, hunters and otter hunting increased substantially in popularity, reaching a peak in the Edwardian period.Footnote This carry on as normal sentiment was initially broadly endorsed, but could not be sustained by all. He met his future wife Ida Hibbert at an otter hunt, and proposed to her at a hunt ball. During the 82nd Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals on 21st May, Stephen Coleridge tapped into this public feeling, and unexpectedly proposed that the committee should prepare a bill to make otter hunting illegal. 43. Answered: Crab Sea Slug Algae on Eelgrass | bartleby Coulson compared the death of the fox with the death of the otter to emphasise the cruelty of the latter. He declared that Coleridge was entirely out of order in discussing this matter now, adding that he was not speaking of the merits of the subject, but only say it is out of order now. Coleridge replied that: If at your Annual meeting such a motion as that is out of order, then I say this great Society will stultify itself if it does not hear me. It appears to be more about human behaviour than animal suffering. In women and children it induced behaviour that was not in keeping with certain ideas about gender and youth. This was the month when the Barnstaple cat-worrying case was in the public eye. The public profile of otter hunting was raised by the publication in 1927 of Henry Williamson's Tarka the Otter: His Joyful Water-life and Death in the Country of the Two Rivers. The following year he became joint Master with Mrs Mildred Cheesman who had been celebrated as the first lady master of otter hounds in the Daily Mail in 1905, as discussed earlier in this paper. [23] The sea otter population has rebounded to nearly three thousand individuals He also pointed out that Geoffrey Hill of Hawkstone had killed 544 otters between 1870 and 1884, and that William Collier of Culmstock had also accounted for 144 between 1879 and 1884. In advance of a major test in 1968, the U.S. Atomic Ene Raymond, Graham Scientists and tribal leaders say reintroducing otters would restore balance to degraded kelp forests, boost fish species, protect shorelines, generate tourist dollars Sir Harry Johnston, British Mammals (1903), p. 140. It argued that if it were necessary, otters should be cleanly killed, i.e. Mackenzie, John M., The Empire of Nature (Manchester, 1988), p. 33 WebWhich of the following critical values should the scientist use for the chi-square analysis of the data? In his opinion everyone had a right to enjoy this animal in its natural surroundings, not just otter hunters. artificial membrane that mimics the. 45. This echoed broader concerns for non-human animals. These public demonstrations shed light on the respectability of the animal welfare movement. 66. 89. Rivers are then lovely with kingcup and ladysmock, meadows are starred and belled with daisy and cowslip, and, above all, the female otter is in cub. Although Collinson made a point of exposing these figures, he did not comment on them in any way. Instead as Collinson argued, the hunting and worrying of otters while caring for their offspring proclaimed only the insensate cowardice of the men and women concerned.Footnote The small caption reads: OTTER-HUNTING. Should Otters be Hunted?, Madame, 9th September 1905, 515, cited in Cheesman and Cheesman, Diaries of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds, p. 44. 28 20 60. 65. 31. Ernest Bell, The Barnstaple Cat-Worrying Case, The Animals Friend (1906), 43. . During 1970-71, 93 sea otters were released in Oregon. Tichelar, Michael, Putting Animals into Politics: The Labour Party and Hunting in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, Rural History, 17 (2006), 21334, 219CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also Brutality of Otter-Hunting, Cruel Sports, June 1928, 74. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. . Perhaps surprisingly, despite four decades of campaigns against the sport, the article does not describe otter hunting as something controversial. for torturing cats to death, should show the public the lengths to which cowards will go when once they begin to gratify blood-lust.Footnote 35 89 29 Separating fact from fiction: otters and anglers | Discover 34 By placing value on the life of the animal, it was not the act of killing that was condemned, but rather the killers reaction to such an act. But model men would find pleasure neither in torturing, nor annihilating any of them.Footnote Google Scholar. Google Scholar. In fact, this member felt that the latter was worse than the former: In the one case a crowd of men became infected with a sudden attack of blood lust, and were carried away by the excitement of the moment to the temporary exclusion of all feelings of humanity. In order to share these principles with the public, the League adopted a strategy that involved open meetings, lobbying of influential individuals, letter writing campaigns to newspapers and magazines and the production of pamphlets, monthly journals and other scholarly publications.Footnote When urchin populations spiked in response, the reefs held their ground. Hunting Otters with firearms was once common in the early twentieth century, but many preferred to trap them. Bates begins by considering the main excuse for killing otters, the supposed need to reduce predation on fish. In 1931 Ernest Bell, co-founder of the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports, resigned in protest at Henry Amos's continual criticism of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. How a social lifestyle helped drive a river otter species to It was not until July 1928 that the age was lowered to twenty-one. One of the main reasons Bates spoke out against otter hunting was that he felt that a small minority had reduced his chances of seeing the otter. He saw that miserable little animal was pursued by men with large poles with spikes in their heads, men who would put on a tall hat and go to Church on Sundays, while women disgracing their sex stood by and lent their countenance and encouragement to the brutal proceedings. Render date: 2023-05-01T08:20:46.153Z Hunting is a good excuse for a hard day's exercise. The main institutional differences were in their ideals and methods. The sport became increasingly popular in the late nineteenth century and the Edwardian period. I do not find this in the least hard to believe.Footnote 75. The Humanitarian League's strategy was that whenever an article mentioning otter hunting appeared in a newspaper or magazine, League members would bombard that publication with letters of protest. J. C. Bristow-Noble, Madame, 22nd July 1905, 171, cited in Cheesman and Cheesman, Diaries of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds, p. 43 [Actually it was Mrs Kellogg-Jenkins, Battle, who had been born in San Francisco, 1911 census]. The men then lit some cotton waste, smoked out the otter, and pelted it with stones. Ernest Bell noted in the Animals Friend journal soon after the prosecution that it was quite right that the press should express horror at such barbarity but questioned whether the deliberate worrying of otters for amusement was any less cruel or reprehensible than the worrying of cats.Footnote The hypocrisy of clergy preaching high moral standards and Christian virtues yet killing for fun was regularly exploited by members of the Humanitarian League. The following year, the Fur Seal Treaty was signed and although the The aesthetic quality of animals was also important to him. 24 15. The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports publicised its views in much the same way as the Humanitarian League and from January 1927 they started producing a monthly journal Cruel Sports.Footnote
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