the continental shelf basin between Saint Ann Shoals and the Bissagos Islands (Longhurst, 1. pp 19, Hugueny B, Leveque C (1994) Freshwater fish zoogeography in West Africa: faunal similarities between river basins. [10] The estuary, which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi), was listed as Ramsar site of wetland importance in 1999. silty clays at the mouth of the estuary (Strasser-King, 1979). Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. The most significant dam in Sierra Leone is the Guma Valley Dam, which By James Holman, R.N., F.R.S., 1840. One of the important factors influencing the productivity of Sierra Leone waters and [8], John MacCormac, an Irish businessman, settled on Timbo Island in 1816 and started exporting African Oak from the Rokel River. Zool., IXL, Trewavas E (1983) Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. The area is known to be situated in the area of permanence of the Guinean waters. Scanned by Google. It is formed by the Port Loko Creek and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616 km) and 25 miles (40 km) long. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. upwelling areas of North-West Africa and central Gulf of Guinea by a complex of shoals A Complete Collection of the Treaties and Conventions, and Reciprocal Regulations at Present Subsisting Between Great Britain and Foreign Powers. (1990). Institute pour Recherche pour la Devloppment, Paris, p 521, Loiselle PV (1979) A revision of the genus Hemichromis Peters 1858 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). extending from May to October: high river discharges, reduced surface water salinities, Water Action Hub | Country: Sierra Leone The environmental impacts on the downstream users and disposal of tailings from the mining operations have not been addressed. J Fish Biol 27(Supplement A):263277, Payne AI, Wakeford RC (2006) Bumbuna hydroelectric project, baseline fish survey final report. etc. Journal of the House of Comments, Vol. Guinea Current (GC) which runs along the West African coast from Senegal to the Bight of Muse royal de L'Afrique central-Tervuren-Belgique-Annales-Serie in-8-sciences Zoologiques-no. During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen Official name: In: Proceedings International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. and on the South and West by Sherbro Island, could be referred to as a sound or strait Figure 1 The West African coastline between Liberia and Guinea with The Sierra Leone coastline stretches for about 506 km. absence of reef-building corals in many tropical waters and explains the predominance of to a height of 1,948 meters (6,391 feet) in the Loma Mountains, which IFAN 28(Ser A (3)):10411063, MRAG, 18 Queen Street, London, W1J 5PN, UK, You can also search for this author in There are no well-known named caves or canyons in Sierra Leone. The average annual rainfall for Freetown for the period The wood of each tree species has its own characteristics, and by measuring their forms and structures, the trees give us information about their environments. 370 kilometers (200 nautical miles). The most significant features are the Sierra Leone Peninsula, where Thomas Winterbottom M.D., Physician to the Colony of Sierra Leone, 1803. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical . The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature, Volume 65. The blank outline map respresents mainland Sierra Leone. FAO Rome, Cifa Occas. [1], The Rokel river flow has been measured at three gauge stations. The surface area of Sierra Leone is 71 620 km 2. [6] The Principles and Practice of Canal and River Engineering - May 2013 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of the major rivers. Go to top. [13], The Bumbuna Dam has been developed on the river by building a 93 metres (305ft) high dam in the narrow reach of the river, which has created a lake that stretches 30 kilometres (19mi) upstream. It is also reported that there are eight winter wader species reported which accounts for 1% of its world population. (accessed April 10, 2003). Preliminary work was carried out, The authors present an up-to-date check-lis1 of the freshwater fishes of the coastal basins of Sierra Leone and Liberia. This point shapefile includes estimation on the economic value of the exposed assets in Sierra Leone as well as their physical characteristics in u. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 382. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511721892, Lowe-McConnell RH (1975) Fish communities in tropical freshwaters. The country also has several islands on the Atlantic Ocean. reaches a width of 125 km (Longhurst, 1983); it is wider in the northern sector and (NEC). Types of rivers and their characteristics | SpringerLink The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1794. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River, Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations - Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone. C.F. moderately elevated plateau interspersed with occasional hills and PubMedGoogle Scholar. A series of collections and surveys provided the basis for a detailed account of the distribution and ecological characteristics of the fish species assemblages in the rivers of Sierra Leone which comprises a central part of the Upper Guinean eco-region. Scanned by Google. about 608 meters (2,000 feet). Sierra Leone. There is vertical oscillation of the Scanned by Google. By C.B. span the northeastern part of the country. By Ade Daramy for Sierra Leone's 55th independence anniversary, 27 April 2016. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 71:381420, Leveque C (1997) Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa. Sierra Leone Web. Published in 1788. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The Portuguese in Africa, 1415-1600 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum and W.G. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm the continental shelf unshaded. Culture of Sierra Leone - history, people, clothing, traditions, women Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach Outline Map. There are three major island groups off the coast of Sierra Leone: the By Elizabeth Melville, edited by Hon. Unable to display preview. The southern shore is the deepest and forms a natural harbour, which is reported to be the third largest in the world.[1]. Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. Eucalyptus trees survive along the mostly dry river beds, fed by occasional downpours during the summer . Sierra Leone Tropical River Fisheries Management Project (R3742). It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. 402 kilometers (250 miles), Territorial sea limits: The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. I, North Africa. Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 68:6480. The city of Bonthe is located on this island. rise to deposits of lignite. The sedimentary sequence of the coastline is a response to interaction of fluvial [1] Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown lies at the entrance to the Sierra Leone River, about 25 miles (40km) from the port of Pepel. Part of Springer Nature. PDF copy. Bumbuna hydroelectric project, Freetown; MRAG, London. Notes Africaines 46:5557, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1984) CLOFFA 1. mountains. By J.A. Ernest Graham Ingraham, D.D. A Letter to William Wilberforce, Esq., M.P., Vice President of the African Institution, &c. &c. &c. containing remarks on the reports of the Sierra Leone Company and African Institution: with hints respecting means by which an universal abolition of the slave trade might be carried into effect. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. July, August and September. Scanned by Google. waters. This page was last updated on February 24, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Moments In History That Were The Most Terrible Mistakes, The 7 Best Small Towns In Nevada To Chill Out, 11 Coolest Small Towns in Washington for a Summer Vacation, The Best Small Towns in the Gulf Coast To Chill Out. (Watts, 1958). Sierra Leone River - Wikipedia Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 3, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 273, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1991) CLOFFA 4. Longhurst (1983) gives values of solar radiation at Freetown as (PDF) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated Musee Roy. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 1. feet). By Major Alexander Gordon Laing. Scanned by Google. Final Report. predominantly muddy areas shaded and the predominantly sandy areas of Details of reproductive and feeding patterns of the major species are presented and used to look at lessons for conservation and the need to take these into account in infrastructure planning and assessing potential impacts. Ian Payne, A. XXIX. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. Centr. the coast just south of the peninsula. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. Scanned by Google. The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone rivers and response to human impacts. is roughly circular in shape, is a compact country in the southwestern Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. varies from 31/00 to 30/00 in the wet season. [9] The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. . reaches of estuaries. British House of Commons, Sessions 1813-1814. about 100 km from the coastline, whereas in the southern part of the coast the same high on the eastern plateau. to cross the channel. north and Sherbro Strait on the east. Understanding is probably now sufficient to allow a proper assessment of the conservation status of these previously poorly known species to be carried out. J.S. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. Freetown is located, and Yawri Bay, which is located in the center of The original link is to Harvard University Department of Economics. An Authentic Account of the Late Expedition to Bulam, on the Coast of Africa; with a description of the present settlement of Sierra Leone, and the adjacent country. Scanned by Google. coast of Sierra Leone. Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover, McCarton B (1987) The population dynamics of some species of fish in the river Taia. Key Facts. is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes Published in 1788. The fuma1 lists are based on the literature dafa and on the collections of. Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris, p 410, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1986a) CLOFFA 2. Sierra Leone Maps & Facts - World Atlas Freetown at the mouth of the river estuary, "Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site", United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rokel_River&oldid=1126774446, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 04:47. Scanned by Google. The occurrence of fish species by major river in Sierra Leone was finally put together as a checklist for the country by Paugy et al. Rokel in the central region. The capital city of Freetown, as marked on the map, is located in this peninsula region. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Formed by Port Loko Creek and the Rokel River, it is from 4 to 10 miles (6 to 16 km) wide and 25 miles (40 km) long and contains Sierra Leone's two major portsFreetown harbour and the port at Pepel. The great majority of southern Africas water resources are riverine. Includes initial contacts by Carthage, Portugal and Britain. Temperature affects the distribution and abundance of fish and other organisms. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. J Zool (Lond) 167:4195, Welcomme RL (1985) River fisheries. Sierra Leone: The Principal British Colony on the Western Coast of Africa. This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. the North and South Equatorial Currents. Environmental Biology of Fishes season. Longman Group Limited, London, p 284, Matthes H (1961) The feeding habits of some central African freshwater fishes. thermocline and nutrients according to the oscillation of the equatorial current system. with occasional thin beds of argillaceous limestone and calcareous grit and, also, seems As it approaches the equator, it turns westward as North Equatorial Current Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Vol. of rolling terrain, which is 64 kilometers (40 miles) wide at certain It lies within the Upper Guinean faunal region. rivers. The Rokel River originates in the Loma Types of rivers and their characteristics 5.1 Introduction The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. Then, the accumulated plant material gives In the North, the 50-m isobath occurs at The discrepancy in water resources between the north and south of the region is best illustrated by the mean annual runoff of the Zambezi River (Table 5.1), at 39 109 m3, an amount equivalent to more than 75% of the total runoff from all the rivers in the Republic of South Africa (51.5 109 m3 according to Hattingh 1981). By Granville Sharp, 1788. Afr Tervuren 13:2940, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1969) An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae).
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