According to Rosenberg, which of the following words, other than religion, has been used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are? The term anti-structure, coined by Victor Turner refers to: Equalitarian relationships during the ritual process. When the war ended and the U.S. military departed, the residents of Tanna experienced a kind of trauma as the material goods they had enjoyed disappeared and the John Frum ritual began. A. Redistribution C. Generalized reciprocity, A big mans position depends on all of the following except. In "Baseball Magic" Gmelch notes that fetishes are often associated with baseball magic. More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line. E. are headed by grandparents. Religious beliefs are an important element of social control because these beliefs help to define acceptable behaviors as well as punishments, including supernatural consequences, for misbehavior. Salat establishes a direct relationship between the believer and God and affirms ones membership in a global community of Muslims. Current investigation has gathered the following data. Which of the following is not part of the patrilineal-patrilocal complex? A sacred journey to a shrine or holy place, pilgrimage is practiced in many religions. C. The incest taboo does not eliminate incest. C. Men are in short supply due to the practice of male infanticide. (credit: Grace Cathedral Labyrinth by Jay Galvin/flickr, CC BY 2.0), An Islamic congregation practices a rite of intensification called, The hajj is a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, pictured here, which is the birthplace of the prophet Mohammed. Anthropology Ch.4 Flashcards | Quizlet D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. D. A big mans high status is ascribed, while a village heads high status is achieved. initiation. Chap 4 Anthro Flashcards | Quizlet Associated most commonly with birth, puberty, marriage, and death, these rituals can be prolonged ceremonies during which the individual receives instruction and preparation for this change in their lives. The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. c. social rites of intensification. What term refers to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to the sexes? Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. The worldwide increase in female-headed households stems from all of the following except A. decreasing divorce rates. B. are extended. C. the market principle. A. E. All political power is based on religion. B. C. increased regulation of interpersonal relations. A. A situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time, B. separation stage. Historically, pilgrims arrived by walking, using the travel time and its accompanying struggles to focus on growing in their faith. C. Divorce is harder in a patrilineal society. D. women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and extramarital sex. It is not unusual in state religions for these rites to create unity among believers across cultures and nation-states. D. Members of descent groups are called affines, while members of nuclear families are called consanguines. C. Agriculture frequently involves the use of terraces, while horticulture does not. E. Chiefdoms have full-time religious specialists. A. - separation stage. E. the reason welfare in the United States is ineffective. D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. none of the answers provided are a rite of intensification In the stages within a rite of passage (according to Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner), which of the following is included? A feeling of camraderie among participants in ritual processes is known as: Communitas. E. sexual practices of chimpanzees. Jun 13, 2022 OpenStax. Among foragers A. men excel under harsh living conditions and therefore accrue vastly more prestige than women. economics. D. some cultures have replaced it with the levirate. The major difference between animism and animatism has to do with whether the supernatural entity is: intensification. In which kind of society is it most likely that leaders will acquire their positions as a result of their personal backgrounds or abilities, rather than heredity? mana. Rite of Passage. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Which of the following groups are not foragers? Which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is not true? D. They live in marginal environments. Why does a big man accumulate wealth? D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. (credit: Holy Kaba by Camera Eye/flickr, CC BY 2.0), https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/13-4-rituals-of-transition-and-conformity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. People may perform witchcraft and sorcery to determine the source of affliction, exorcism to remove the presence of an adverse spirit, or divination to identify the source of harm. C. the result of a gender-based division of labor, which is unique to Malaysian society. What is the name of the family in which a child is raised? SAU Cultural Anthropology Final Flashcards | Quizlet Band and clan B. Lineage and nuclear family C. Extended family and clan. D. are headed by women. A. not all cultures have one. Gennep noted that there are three stages in a rite of passageseparation, transition, and incorporationand that during the transition stage, the individual must traverse a threshold (limen in Latin) from their old social position or status to a new one. When the participants return to their community, the incorporation phase, they are recognized as men and allowed to learn the secret stories of the community.[42]. In Malinowski's research, Trobriand Islanders relied on three sources of information to guide them in their daily activities: religion, magic and science. C. generosity. Liminal The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. A. matriarchy. Actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis. The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same- sex sexual activity suggests that A. human sexuality is completely determined by biology. Political institutions are totally separate from economic institutions. A. a ritual that is performed at a critical point in an individual's life cycle. C. The relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy. Ascribed status B. And sometimes the religious and the secular are intermingled, as in a marriage ceremony that is both civil and religious. Describe how ritual reinforces social solidarity. Which of the following statements concerning gender stratification is true? First identified by anthropologist Arnold van Gennep in 1909, rites of passage mark social transformations in peoples lives and establish a change in social status within their communities. Normally classified as healing rituals or petitions for supernatural intervention, these rites seek remedy or compensation for the affliction. A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying. The fact that chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates engage in masturbation and same- sex sexual activity suggests that. The hajj is one of the five pillars, or primary tenets, of Islam. B. is higher in societies in which males do most of the work in food production. An obligatory interaction between groups or organisms that is beneficial to each is known as A. cultivation. Anthropologists view sexual orientation as learned, malleable, and culturally constructed. D. personal charisma. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! A. Rites of affliction, first described by vary greatly depending on the need. A. C. Relations of production, distribution, and consumption are social relations with economic aspects. E. It reduces the gene pool of a community. Although they are not exclusively associated with rites of affliction and are sometimes performed as acts of obedience, celebration, spiritual merit, enlightenment, or even penance, pilgrimage is often practiced as a rite to seek redress and healing. Tanna was one of these locations and this formerly isolated community experienced an extremely rapid transformation as the U.S. military introduced modern conveniences such as electricity and automobiles. E. men never contribute to child care. Ritual Flashcards | Quizlet B. swiddening. A shift to agriculture has recently taken place. D. capital. In the separation stage, the boys leave their homes and are circumcised; they cannot express distress or signs of pain during the procedure. Among the most common broad types of religious ritual, though, are rites of intensification, rites of passage, and rites of affliction. Which of the following statements about polyandry is true? B. positive reciprocity. B. live in industrial states. D. It was permitted to take place only in a couples residence. Which type of a situation is most likely to result in a matrilineal-matrilocal society? C. mother of orientation. A. greater ecological diversity. belief in a single all-powerful deity. Exam 3 Flashcards | Chegg.com According to Aihwa Ong, spirit possession of female factory workers in Malaysia is. B. sexual dimorphism. Band. A. are patrifocal. - liminality (or transitional) stage. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. They retain their power by maintaining strong ties with the commoner class. A status that a person has little or no choice about occupying B. Baseball players use magic (as defined by anthropologists) True. A. D. male control of prestige goods. This ritual appears in the Bible, used both as a means of conveying the Holy Spirit (Num. separation. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, A corporation that owns businesses in more than one nation. a ritual that arises spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis. Sometimes believers walk behind the individual in need, who sits in a chair, and then lay hands on their shoulders and pray, either silently or aloud so that the afflicted individual can hear the prayer being offered. According to Weber, what is the basis of social status? 30.In anthropology, marriage rituals are almost always classified as: D.rites of passage. B. social stratification. 27:15-23; Acts 8:1419) and as an act of healing by Christ (Luke 4:40). Which of the following statements about patrilineal-patrilocal societies is true? When an individual gives something to someone else but expects nothing in return, this is an example of A. balanced reciprocity. B. Nonindustrial economies have little to do with the everyday lives of people. Rites of intensification are also extremely common in communities worldwide. On the third day, she and her mother will bake a corn cake called an alkaan, and then, led by a Navajo medicine man or woman, they will sing prayer songs all night until the sunrise. The lineage B. E. none of the factors of production. Anthropology 210 Final Flashcards | Quizlet It was believed to sap a mans vitality. C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. D. sell all of the food they produce. According to the textbook, which of the following are NOT human mediators of sacred powers? Divination is a practice or test intended to gain understanding, guidance, or advice about an event or situation. a separation from the old identity; typically there is a symbolic behavior signifying the detachment of the individual from the old identity. C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. A. mater. In his work Ritual (1993), West African writer and ritual scholar Malidoma Som ([1993] 1997, 68) outlines the major stages of most ritual acts: Even when rituals are scripted and parts are carefully read and followed, individual participation and collaboration will subtly change a ritual each time it is enacted or performed. Although the John Frum ritual is focused on commodities, or cargo, the term cargo cult is generally not preferred by anthropologists because it oversimplifies the complex motivations involved in the ritual. 1999-2023, Rice University. D. Economic, political, and religious activities are often interrelated. E. Changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social decay and anarchy. D. The more women contribute to the domestic sphere, the more publicly recognized power they achieve. They generally work less than horticulturalists. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. D. It is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the home. Eliot Dismore Chapple and Carleton Stevens Coon, Anthony F.C. C. They must be nomadic to take full advantage of their land. They used science and skill to navigate the waters within the lagoon and they used magic, science, and skill to navigate the waters beyond the lagoon. There are literally hundreds of different methods of divination. B. D. Anthropologists, like Kottak, predominantly believe that the incest taboo has a genetic basis. Colonized cultures underwent radical alteration. In which of the following societies would you expect womens status to be highest? At the beginning of the ceremony, as separation begins, the girl lies down and her family straightens her limbs and helps dress her and prepare her for the transition. business math. They are wholly dependent on welfare supplied by state-level societies. D. symbiosis. B. a gender-based division of labor is very uncommon. E. They formerly wanted money for luxuries but now also need money for food. E. It was seen as a necessary sacrifice that would eventually lead to a mans death. 13.4 Rituals of Transition and Conformity - OpenStax B. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. Which of the following statements is true regarding arbitration? A. Sororate marriage B. "Religion" by Sashur Henninger-Rener, Pasadena City College. D. The Qashqai authority structure was more complex and hierarchical than that of the Basseri. D. kinship, descent, and marriage. A. Patrilineality B. Patrilocality C. Warfare. In a wedding ceremony in the United States, the white color of the wedding dress is a traditional symbol of purity. Societies use both secular and religious rites of passage to mark changes in the life cycle of their members. Find the percentage. 48 terms. B. inheritance of land and prestige through female lines. A. What term is used to refer to a nonhuman apical ancestor of a clan? Some individuals continue this traditional means of completing the hajj, but other devotees arrive by boat, bus, or plane, dedicating themselves to contemplation once they arrive. It increases the number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need. C. They live largely in isolation from food-producing neighbors and the influence of the state. A. c. if a negative variance is over-shadowed by a favorable variance, managers may overlook potential corrections. The most easily observed elements of any religious belief system are rituals. E. Women never take part in hunting. A. Peasants loss of land B. B. not all cultures define incest the same way. Rites of Intensification. Ceremonies that help the group cope together with a crisis, such as an epidemic, are rites of: . Latin word for soul; represented the spiritual entity within oneself. In the film El sebou: An Egyptian Birth Ritual, the twin babies are in which stage of this rite of passage (following van Gennep and Turner) before being "winnowed"? The liminal period that follows is a time in which individuals often undergo tests, trials, or activities designed to prepare them for their new social roles. polytheism. Rules of endogamy A. prove that the incest taboo is not a cultural universal. It is a symbol of true manhood. E. The Yanomami are isolated from missionaries and the Venezuelan government, and are self-sufficient. C. It requires irrigation. A. 10.4: Elements of Religion - Rules and Rituals is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. A. C. It is not significant in urban industrial societies. A. The best known examples of pantribal sodalities existed among societies in. Which of the following is not culturally constructed? It is a form of social death. Rite of intensification Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster belief in multiple gods. - ex 1. drivers ed to get driving permit. Although Buddhism defies easy categorization into any anthropological category, there is an element of animatism represented by karma, a moral force in the universe. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. In Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology, 2nd Edition, Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges, 2020, under CC BY-NC 4.0. A. Pastoral B. In band societies, what typically determines the amount of respect or status that an individual enjoys? B. balanced reciprocity. [38] A second type of ritual is a rite of intensification, actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis. B. Each of the 60,000 bonds was convertible into one share of$1 par common stock. One example of a rite of passage among the Navajo of the southwestern United States is the Kinaald. D. They use their land intensively and continuously. B. an adaptation to poverty. B. A. horticulture. Band B. A. Incest B. Exogamy, The gift that a wifes group gives to her husbands family is known as. Kindness toward others, for instance, yields positive karma while acts that are disapproved in Buddhist teachings, such as killing an animal, create negative karma. E. land, labor, and technology. A. an example of the interrelatedness of religion and economy. For believers with the physical ability and financial means, completing the hajj to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is essential to their faith. E. is higher in Yanomami society than it is among the Betsileo of Madagascar. Anthro 103 Flashcards | Quizlet World War II, C. Voting rights for women D. Inflation E. The Womens Rights Movement. C. patrilocality. Neglecting compounding and changes in principal, estimate your monthly savings with the \mathrm {ARM} ARM during the first year on a \$ 150,000 $150,000 loan. Which of the following is not an example of a rite of intensification? E. Big men do not keep the wealth they accumulate but rather redistribute it to create and maintain alliances with political supporters. 12. One of these is to help ensure a good harvest by impressing the spirits with a dramatic display of bravery. A. is a Medieval Christian concept, a culture specific term that is dependent on current scientific understanding of "natural". A. Chiefdom B. The custom whereby a wife marries the brother of her dead husband C. The type of marriage that follows divorce D. The custom whereby a widower marries the sister of his dead wife E. A situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time. A large amount of anthropological research has focused on identifying and interpreting religious rituals in a wide variety of communities. It is used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are. Learn a new word every day. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. A. Marriages become more volatile. Which of the following is the most common religious specialist? It tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists. Which of the following statements about gender differences among tropical and semitropical foragers is true? C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. These rites define and indoctrinate individuals so that they identify as a religious community, even though there may be other ritual acts accompanying it. B. an unconscious protest against stressful and exploitive working conditions. Blood feuds B. Rituals are never exactly duplicated, and not all rituals serve the same purpose. Buddhists follow the teachings of Buddha, who was an ordinary human who achieved wisdom through study and discipline. A. . Incwala, a ritual found among the Swazi, a group in southern Africa, is a national holiday during which many social rules are suspended or inverted, allowing women to take on mens public roles and men to take on womens household duties in a public farce. C. foraging. These rituals are used to bind members of the community together, to create a sense of communitas or unity that encourages people to see themselves as members of a community. During the hajj ritual, the pilgrims will perform many faith acts, including circling the Kaaba, a building at the center of the mosque representing the most sacred place, seven times clockwise to open the ritual; praying; running between the nearby hills of Safa and Marwah; clipping their hair; going east of Mecca to confess their sins and seek atonement; gathering pebbles to perform a symbolic stoning of the devil; buying sacrifice vouchers so that an animal will be sacrificed on their behalf; and then again circling the Kaaba seven times, this time counterclockwise, to close the hajj. While illness and health in most Western societies are understood to be biomedical phenomena based on empirical evidence, in non-Western societies and in localized religious traditions across cultures, well-being is viewed as a relationship between body and soul and thus is believed to have a religious component. Foraging economies are usually associated with which type of sociopolitical organization? consent of Rice University. A. D. Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. Whether directly through a shamanic journey or through the mediation of a religious leader, communities petition the spirits or deity for healing or a blessing. Victor Turner (1972) defined ritual as a stereotyped sequence of activities performed in a sequestered place, and designed to influence preternatural entities or forces on behalf of the actors goals and interests.[37] Rituals have a concrete purpose or goal, such as a wedding ritual that results in a religiously sanctioned union between people, but rituals are also symbolic. D. The separation of workers from the things they produce. E. postmarriage residence tends to be patrilocal. What is a mode of production? Family of procreation B. B. A. If you attend or participant in any kind of repetitive daily, weekly, or monthly religious ritual, it is likely a rite of intensification. Tribe, What is a big man? In general, the status of women A. rises as dependence on food production intensifies. They can follow the Noble Eightfold Path, rules based on the teachings of Buddha that emphasize the need for discipline, restraint, humility, and kindness in every aspect of life. Kertzer's definition of ritual (in readings) Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is not true? Examples of rites of intensification? B. inherited status. A person who holds a permanent political office B. Sex roles B. C. Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. There are many categories of ritual: commemoration feasts or rituals (e.g., Christmas or Hannukah), which are usually held over a calendrical cycle, usually a year; divinatory rites to find the causes of illness, ask for healing, or prophesy about the future, which usually occur on an as-needed basis; and rites of rebellion, in which social rules and norms may be inverted to emphasize their value within a society. The women of the community prepare special costumes and dances for the occasion and everyone takes care of land divers who may be injured during the dive. C. a discrepancy between external and internal genitals.. C. Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated. B. Using Apple's 10-K, answer the following questions (Hint: It may be easier to use the Word or PDF file and use the search . B. All humans were foragers until approximately. Clan B. Lineage, C. Extended family D. Family of procreation. Verified answer. When comparing local forms of world religions--the idea that a local religion can be created by combining and incorporating other religions together, or layering one on top of another is known as? A. The young woman will then take her last run toward the east, now followed by many young children, so that she might eventually become a loving mother whom her children will always follow.
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